Rugby Football Union

Rugby What is it about? â€Å"In 1823, William Webb Ellis first got the ball in quite a while arms and went for it. Furthermore, for the following 156 years advances have been attempting to work out why. † †Sir Tasker Watkins (1979) The History of Rugby, many accept that Rugby was conceived in 1823 when William Webb Ellis while investing his energy at Rugby school, took the ball in his arms during a round of football and went for it. This at that point turned into the particular eventual fate of the Rugby match-up. In spite of the fact that this isn't reality as there is little in the method of proof to validate this view, it is more by prevalent thinking. The genuine year Rugby Football Union was established was in the year 1871, in the period of December 1870 two men distributed a letter in The Times recommending that any individual who plays the Rugby Game should meet and structure a code of training. On 26 January 1871 a gathering was held in Pall Mall, London with agents from 21 clubs of the game. Because of this gathering the Rugby Football Union was formally established. Three legal advisors who were previous understudies of Rugby school drew up the primary laws of the game which were affirmed in June 1871. The principal ever International game was when England confronted Scotland in Edinburgh on March 1871, the England group sported white with a red rose and Scotland donning earthy colored with a thorn. The game was played more than two parts, 50 minutes every way. Scotland won by scoring an objective, an objective at that point was an attempt followed by an effective transformation kick. The name and round of rugby has developed significantly throughout the years. In 1886 found the arrangement of the International Rugby Football Board, this was framed by Scotland, Ireland and Wales as England would not join after an attempt against Scotland was denied by the Referee. Britain at last consented to participate in 1890, from that point forward the International Rugby Football Board changed its name in 1997 are presently known as the International Rugby Board. The game is constantly begun with the flip of a coin to deicide what group will commence first. Play at that point begins with a drop kick, with the players pursuing the ball into the opposition’s domain, and the opposite side attempting to recover the ball and afterward taking the ball forward. On the off chance that the player with the ball is handled to the ground the group will at that point structure a ruck to secure the ball and sort out to set up play, tossing or passing the ball is constantly made to the player behind the ball, forward passing isn't permitted. The ball can just push ahead in three different ways, by kicking, a player going for it and the ball moving inside a scrum or ruck. Blocking isn't permitted and just the player with the ball might be handled if the ball is thumped forward by a player with his arms a thump on is submitted and play is restarted with a scrum. Defensive hardware is discretionary and carefully directed. The most well-known things are mouth monitors, which are worn by most players. Other defensive things allowed incorporate flimsy head gear no thicker than 10mm, non-unbending shoulder braces and furthermore shin cushions. A few players will wear wrap or tape to ensure wounds. Throughout the years an ever increasing number of nations have engaged with the sport of rugby. 1910 was the beginning of the Five Nations Championship between England, France Ireland, Scotland and Wales. 1987 saw the beginning of the Rugby World Cup this title was won by New Zealand who crushed France 29-9 at Eden Park, Auckland. 1996 the Tri Nations Series started between Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. 2000 the Five Nations turned into the Six Nations Championships with Italy participating in the opposition. Indeed, even the focuses framework has significantly changed in 1890 an attempt was 1 point and a transformation 2 focuses now its 5 focuses for an attempt and 2 focuses for a transformation. My decision to rugby is that the history and convention will become more grounded and more grounded throughout the years, from acclaimed triumphs to popular trophies for example the Six Nations Championship Trophy as a lot of custom and history, the present trophy was introduced to the title victors France in 1993, the real silver trophy, planned by James Brent-Ward and made by a group of eight silversmiths is esteemed at ? 5,000, in spite of the fact that this trophy was initially silver inside throughout the long periods of celebratory champagne fillings the trophy got consumed and is currently plated with 22 carat gold for insurance. The trophy has 15 side boards speaking to the 15 individuals from the group and three handles to speak to the three authorities, this convention will never bite the dust. â€Å"In our nation, genuine groups once in a while exist . . . social hindrances and individual desire have decreased competitors to loose factions or people put together for shared benefit . . . However these rugby players. ith their muddied, broke bodies, are battling to clutch a feeling of mankind that we in America have lost and are probably not going to recover. The game may just be to push a ball ahead on an earth field, yet the assignment can be practiced with an unshackled bliss and its recollections will be a perpetual joy. The ladies and men who play on that rugby field are more alive than such a large number of us will ever be. The silly vacancy we think we see in their reality is just our own. † †Victor Cahn (The New York Times in June 1973)

The Effect of Drugs on the Rock and Roll Culture free essay sample

While medications may have helped extraordinary centerpieces to be appreciated by many, drugs are at last answerable for some inopportune passings of numerous incredible specialists, who kicked the bucket before we could genuinely observe their latent capacity. The backtalk were a period not at all like some other in American history both socially and strategically. Numerous new changes were being made right now in our legislature, and with a few terrible occasions happening in what appeared to be a progression of occasions (the death of JEFF, the death of Martin Luther King, Jar. Furthermore, Vietnam), the styles of music during this time frequently mirrored the movements of individuals. The verses of the music of the time were changing from straightforward love tunes, to unforgiving tunes about points, for example, disobedience, dissent, sex, and all the more progressively, drugs. As hallucinogenic medications turned out to be increasingly more mainstream in America, groups, for example, the Jefferson Airplane and The Grateful Dead observed a colossal increment in their number of fans, because of a lot of individuals who had a partiality for this new, jam rock style of music which was well known with the hallucinogenic medication scene (American Culture: 1960-1969). Numerous specialists at the opportunity were approaching out with collections committed o medications, or collections whose substance was about medications. One such collection was The Beetles SST. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, which, notwithstanding including drug-arranged tunes, introduced an assortment of interrelated pieces that established a natural entirety. This is viewed as the main idea collection. In an idea collection, all tunes add to a solitary impact or brought together story.The Beetles collection was frequently considered to have been the principal idea collection, essentially on the grounds that the title melody happening in two forms, folds over the remainder of the collection like bookends; in any case, the greater part of the tunes on that collection re really disconnected to each other (Rock Music: The late 1 backtalk and sasss: rocks brilliant age). These new idea collections would come to command music throughout the following 10-15 years, the same number of new craftsmen came to surface with music that blended in with drugs, and frequently gave lethal results.During the backtalk and backtalk, the impact of medications in melodic culture was at its pinnacle. Woodstock; a three-day open show that got famous worldwide as a show fighting the Vietnam War, was intensely immersed with sedate use. During this timespan, the absolute most skilled artists f the most recent 50 years passed on to sedate related issues. The individuals who were not dead by sedate overdose, for example, David Bowie and Alice Cooper turned out to be progressively well known due to their undeniably unusual and medicate filled stage shenanigans. Craftsmen at the time had been in order to the eagerness of American undergrads, their essential crowd, and had utilized their crowds readiness to acknowledge new thoughts and new things as a method of advancing the awesome way of life of free love, new music, and obviously, drugs. Numerous extraordinary melodic artful culminations were created during this time, as idea collections, for example, The Whos Tommy, and Pink Floods The Dark Side of the Moon.Both of these collections end up being fiercely famous to both the groups fan following just as the standard open, as exciting music and medication utilization appeared to mix together, and were getting progressively acknowledged by the general population as the standard (Tomorrow Never Knows: Rock Music Psychedelics in the 1 backtalk). Despite the fact that everything so far appears to be okay; things get ugly. It sadly took a couple of terrible passings to crash the adjustment in popular supposition that was going on at this time.The passings of hotshots, for example, Janis Joplin (an acclaimed and aliened artist who was a star at Woodstock, kicked the bucket of a heroin overdose), Jim Morrison (lead artist Of The Doors, kicked the bucket after a coronary episode welcomed On by medicate misuse), and Jim Hendrix (viewed as one of, if not, the best guitarist ever, demise by gagging after barbiturate misuse), carried a stun to the music culture, as apparently an ever increasing number of performers were biting the dust because of the maltreatment of medications, day after day.It appeared as though the music and medication societies were gradually floating away from one another and out of the standard spotlight, until the 1 backtalk when a few ewe passings including artists and medications came into the spotlight. Kurt Cabin considered by numerous individuals to be the most skilled artist of the most recent 15 years, ended it all by shotgun, in the wake of utilizing incredibly high measures of heroin. This occasion came as a stun to nearly everybody in the music and medication universes, yet wherever in light of the fact that Nirvana (Cabins band) was getting globally known, mostly the explanation behind Cabins suicide.Heroin was a motivation for Cabin, and keeping in mind that it might have helped him to create his music, it eventually lead him into the traps of sadness and caused the demise of an extraordinary performer, and the separation of an amazing, developing, youthful band with boundless prospects. Another demise that happened in the 1 adds because of medication overdose was Bradley Newell, the lead artist of well known southern California band Sublime, who kicked the bucket of a heroin overdose.Sublime was another band with incredible prospects to turn into an enduring power in the m usic business, nonetheless, Newell chose to demolish himself and his family by shaping a destructive propensity. A large number of the passings that happened in the backtalk concerning medications and awesome were generally in the backtalk, an aftereffect of persecution and heroin misuse, as heroin use turned out to be progressively well known with the mid-ass grunge development, and an ever increasing number of performers beginning to do it. The 1 backtalk and 1 backtalk were the two times of progress and dissent, just from an alternate perspective. The backtalk were a period of hallucinogenic medication use, where artists were active, and held jam fests and huge open air celebration shows, where the use of medications was allowed and frequently empowered. In the backtalk, music fans and performers were utilizing drugs as a method of dissent and motivation; in any case, the backtalk were an alternate case. In he backtalk, artists frequently minded their own business, as most passings were because of a deadly blend of discouragement and past mental issues and the dependence on hazardous road medications, for example, heroin and cocaine (Sex, Drugs N Rock Roll? Nah).While the backtalk were a period of opportunity, where people were urged to communicate and live unreservedly, the 1 backtalk and following were a time of persecution, where everybody was assembled as one major piece, and with the end goal for individuals to break liberated from this piece and build up themselves, they should accomplish something weighty or not quite t he same as what is regularly anticipated. Music and medications have consistently been interwoven; be that as it may, this relationship has contrasted after some time because of changes in the social and political climate Of the territory during the time where dismal music was made.

Everything You Need to Know about Customer Journey Mapping

Everything You Need to Know about Customer Journey Mapping The approaches towards customers change over time as does the market itself. Successful entrepreneurs continuously seek and implement new management opportunities in order to attract, maintain and broaden their circle of customers.Traditional marketing approaches are not completely suitable any longer because customers have higher expectations due to the differentiation of the market. What this means is that marketing based on managing relationships with customers must evolve into experience and engagement management.One of the approaches which have been employed by marketers and entrepreneurs in an effort to achieve customer satisfaction is the Customer Journey Mapping. An increasing number of companies has been giving Customer Journey a chance in the past few years, and the general attitude towards it is rather positive. For the time being it is used mostly for providing clarity on customers’ attitudes, mapping out the current state of the company and identification of improvemen t possibilities. © Shutterstock.com | elenabslIn this article, we will present everything you need to know about Customer Journey through sections 1) Introduction to Customer Journey, 2) Elements of Customer Journey Mapping, 3) Touch points / Channels in Customer Journey Mapping, and 4) Customer Journey Mapping Process.INTRODUCTION TO CUSTOMER JOURNEYThe concept of Customer Journey was created in the late 1990s as an outside-in technique in business management. The outside-in approach focuses on improvement of customers’ experience in order to resolve problems and ensure continuous positive relations with them.It targets optimal customer engagement through proper management and credit attribution of touch points and channels through which the customer interacts with an organization or a brand. The necessity of such an approach rises from the realization that all interaction points and mediums have value in the process and should be stimulated appropriately. Moreover, it tries to create a more holi stic view of customer behavioral patterns â€" understand emotions, desires, and needs as well as influences of the company’s endeavors on them.One of the crucial components of Customer Journey is the collaborative approach of different departments which constitute a company. Customer Journey advocates believe that only by ‘breaking down the silos’ the company can acquire the above-mentioned insights and reach its objectives â€" loyal customers who advocate and bring in new ones.The most important tool of Customer Journey is the Customer Journey Map. It is a structuralized scheme of the elements of customer experience process, touch points of interaction with the organization, channels through which it is obtained as well as a ‘behind the scenes’ overview. In other words, it includes what you want to provide to the customer and what the customer would like to receive from you in different stages and the gaps where these two lanes are not compatible. In the following section s, we will focus on description and explanation of all of these.ELEMENTS OF CUSTOMER JOURNEY MAPPINGKey elements of Customer Journey Mapping are phases of a customer’s experience lifecycle â€" that is, phases through which a consumer progresses in reference to a certain company. In this section, we will discuss most frequent elements used in Customer Journey Mapping.AwarenessConsumer awareness is the amount of recognition which a potential customer has a particular brand as well as the extent of specific product association to a brand. It is extremely beneficial for companies to be differentiated from the competition (if the awareness is not negatively-driven) because consumers tend to turn to something familiar, especially if there are too many similar options. Moreover, such brands tend to be advocated in family and friends circles and lead to continuous advertisement and establishment of a strong hold in the market.Customer Journey Mapping has the assignment of presenting the a mount of awareness your segmented customers have for your brand, the rate of success your campaigns have the awareness percentage and the gaps between what is required for and what is being done in matters of elevating customer awareness.DiscoveryOnce your targeted customers become aware of your products and services and gain interest in them, they undertake a process of information acquisition. Customers propose inquiries on the product and interact with branches of your company whether through a query made to a call operator or face-to-face communication with one of your sales representatives at the Point of Sale (PoS) in your store. Moreover, the process of Pricing will be put in motion by your customers. This means that they will evaluate the cost of the product or service they are interested in with reference to how much they are willing to spend for it.Customer Journey Mapping should provide insights on whether the interaction is informative, useful and engaging for your custo mers and if not it should point out issues you should take care of. Also, it should detect balance or lack of it in the pricing process.PurchaseWhen your customers opt for the purchase of a good or service you are offering, they experience an emotional response to it. The response should contain a feeling of satisfaction, and this is achieved mainly by simple and fast transaction process as well as a feeling of paying a reasonable price.Customer Journey Map must include quantitative and qualitative statistics on the experience your customers have in the process of purchase. If the statistics show lack of positive emotions in the majority of your segmented customers, you should revise technological strategies towards payment opportunities, sales representatives’ competencies, as well as your pricing determinants.Post Sales Support / Use of Product or ServicePost sales support represents a wide area of consumer management after purchase of a sort has been made which is focused in en suring proper functioning of and help with the use of a product or a service. It can be technology oriented and involve the assistance with technology merchandise, consumer-oriented when it helps customers in the management of the product and automatic which is available for consultation at all times and is mostly online based. Moreover, post sales support can be embodied in the form of permanent or provisory warranties for the purchased good or service.Your Customer Journey framework might point out that customers are not satisfied with the quality of (some or all) your existing post sales support tools or find that your company does not provide post sales support tools which they need. Moreover, it should determine whether the usage of a product or a service meets your customer’s expectations.ComplaintOne of the crucial elements in customer management is the way complaints are addressed. When a customer presents, a complaint he/she must feel like the company is engaged with the problem and is going to take care of it in a timely manner. If the customer receives no understanding or repeatedly help, he/she will probably acquire a permanent negative opinion of the company and advocate against it.Use the Customer Journey Map to define the amount of consumer satisfaction in reference to how your company deals with their complaints.Bonding With ProductIn order to ensure loyalty of your customers, you should let them feel appreciated and thought of repeatedly. Moreover, you should offer them new and useful ways of investment with your company â€" this is frequently done through renewal and upgrading of your products and services according to needs and preferences of your customers.Your Customer Journey Map will be able to provide insightful information for new projects according to specified desires of your customers.AdvocacyPositive advocacy shows that you have done all of the previous elements in synchronization with your customer’s expectations and needs. Ne gative advocacy shows your company is doing something wrong in regard to its customers.By setting a Customer Journey framework, you will be able to detect problems or gaps in your customer management efforts and consequently make way for improvements.TOUCH POINTS IN CUSTOMER JOURNEY MAPPINGAs we have mentioned in the introduction, touch points have an immense value in the Customer Journey process. They represent any and every interaction a customer has with the company. In the recent decade, the touch points and channels broadened to the online market in addition to traditional face-to-face or telecommunication interaction.Touch points in Customer Journey Mapping are regarded as a team of players who all make the conversion happen. It is like a soccer game: although one team member scores the goal, every team member who navigated the ball in an attack made the goal possible. It is essential to attribute credit properly to each of the touch points and ensure their optimal influence i n the Customer Journey. Moreover, collaboration between different touch points is crucial for achieving specific contextual approaches while remaining consistent for the customer.Below are some of the major key touch points of customer experience with an organization with the brief and general key notions on how each of them should be handled.WebsiteEasy access (for example, implementation of Search Engine Optimization techniques)Simple to use (especially the payment procedure)Clear and informativeVisually appealingPhoneAdaptation of channels for mobile usageApplicationsFace-to-facePositive and pro-active approachUsefulnessWord-of-mouthAdvertisingBrand awarenessSatisfied loyal customersE-mailConstructive, personalized information or offersPostTopics which customers will find interesting and usefulHere is an example of touch points for a travel agency. Investigation on the touch points of purchasing a service â€" booking a trip, showed that your customers tend to look up the destinat ion of their interest on their mobile phones though a simple inquiry on a search engine (typing ‘travel to Paris’). It would be advisable to invest in high ranking your website through the Search Engine Optimization techniques. The next step, the customer makes is reading through the information and services you offer on your webpage â€" it is important to adapt the utility of the page in reference to the type of medium your customers might want to employ â€" mobile applications, tablet or desktop. Once the information and decision for purchase have been made, you must provide a simple and useful payment system. Studies show that complex systems discourage customers and can result in cancellation of purchase or at least no desire to continue conversion relation in the future.CUSTOMER JOURNEY MAPPING PROCESSAfter learning about the elements and the touch point of customer journey, the next step is to define the process of how you can develop the customer journey map of your custo mers. Below is an illustrative example of such map as well as the steps for you to follow to create it for your customers. Step #1: MapPlanningStart With Words: After you have decided to create a Customer Journey Map, you should form a collaborative team of people whose abilities will be most beneficial for the task. Your team should be built with respect to all of the segments you wish to cover with your map in order to create a correct and insightful review of the customer journey. Agree upon a precise objective of your journey map: do you want to investigate a specific process or build your organization’s ecosystem map (an all-inclusive map of all the processes of customer management). Moreover, segment the targeted customer/s whose journey you wish to analyze. Define roles and responsibilities of your team members.Create a Story Board: Once you have determined the scope and scale of your Customer Journey Map, create a story board which will include all of the elements of segmented customer/s journey. Include all of the experience the customer/s had or might have with your company from initial conta ct (awareness) to an end of a sort (loyalty, advocacy or closure of relations).Define Touch Points and Channels: Determine all of the touch points where customers interact with your organization (social networks, ads, applications, search engines, website) and their channels (various mediums for virtual interaction, call centers, stores, etc.).Explore Your Customer’s Drivers: Define what are customer’s expectations and requirements of each of the touch points and channels. Interview your segmented personas and give them opportunities of feedback. All of the information is essential for having a correct and usable customer journey map.Data GatheringHere you should go as detailed as necessary in reference to your objective. Gather quantitative and qualitative statistics on sales, complaints and support requirements as well as analysis on satisfaction with the products and services.Map CreationThrough primary stages of map creation, you should implement an interactive approach to m ap creation â€" your team might use post-its and markers to create a map which you will later install in a Customer Journey software. Customer Journey Map will include all of the gathered data in relation with key elements, touch points and channels and will provide a structuralized result of your examination.Step #2: AnalyzeUse collaborative insights from team members of different departments in your organization;Prioritize and rank information in the map;Recognize gaps, issues and opportunities for improvement;Agree on some adjustments in cross-channel and intra-channel management in order to maximize utility of elements of customer experience;Revise touch points and optimize their efficiency in relation to the preferences and needs of your targeted customers.Step #3: PresentOrganize all of your findings and adjustments in a ‘roadmap’ for the company;Present to employees, managers and owners in order to achieve full comprehension of the tasks which must be made in order to imp rove the customer experience (as all of them have influence on the efficiency of implementation of results and ideas);Monitor and manage the realization of projects;Do not hang the Customer Journey Map on the wall as a passive and static result. It is a tool and must be actively adjusted and updated in order to provide continuous understanding of the Customer Journey.The market is bursting with entrepreneurs and companies in all niches. It is becoming more difficult to maintain a solid presence, maintain customers and attract new ones. The traditional inside-out approach to business management does not seem to cut it anymore. With so many options from which the customers can choose a profit-only orientation has a good chance of ending up being acquisition by a larger enterprise or bankrupt. What proves to be the only real solution is making the customers perpetually happy. For so long companies focused only on the relationship with the customers up to the point of purchase. Basicall y, consumers were regarded as cash machines which can be easily replaced when broken (discontent). The Consumer Journey is a process established as a helpful instrument for resolving burning issues of the modern market â€" keeping and broadening circle of customers. It is an effort to understand the total process which leads to conversion, ways in which it can be improved as well as issues which need to be addressed and gaps which should be filled. For further investigation on goals and features of Customer Journey Mapping take a look at the comprehensive webinar by experts on Customer Experience Management Claire Sporton and John Dalton and watch interesting short productions on Moments of Truth and Outside-In Perspective by Future Smith company.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau the French Philosopher - 779 Words

Jean-Jacques Rousseau the French Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born June 28, 1712 in Geneva, Switzerland, to French Huguenot parents, Isaac Rousseau, a clock maker, and Suzanne Bernard, who died only a few days after his birth. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the most important philosophers of the French enlightenment. During the 1700s the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau criticized what he saw as his era’s excessive reliance on reason and claimed that people should rely more on instinct and emotion. Rousseau became a leading thinker and writer of his day. Rousseau was also a composer and music theorist. At the age of 13 he was apprenticed to an engraver. However, at 16 in 1728 he left this trade to travel,†¦show more content†¦Determined to de-fend himself against the conspirators, Rousseau publicly read excerpts from his Confessions. He was forced to stop the readings when Mme. dEpinay requested police intervention. Rousseaus madness lessened during the last two years of his life, and he lived in seclusion with Therese. Rousseau next major work was Rousseau juge de Jean-Jacques, Dialogues, completed in 1776. In the next two years, before his death in 1778, Rousseau wrote the ten, classic, meditations of Reveries of the Solitary Walker. Seeking shelter in a hospital, at the age of 66, Rousseau eventually died insane in a cottage at Ermenonville, French, July 2, 1778, from a sudden attack of thrombosis, which aroused suspicions of suicide. He was buried there until 1794 when his remains were place with Voltaire’s in the Pantheon in Paris. Works Cited Wikipedia contributors. Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 29 Oct. 2013. Web. 30 Oct. 2013 Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 2013. The Biography Channel website. Oct 30 2013, 11:35 Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 30 Oct.Show MoreRelatedImpact Of Enlightenment Ideas On The French Revolution844 Words   |  4 Pages How Enlightenment Ideas Impacted the French Revolution? Towards the end of the 18th century, almost all of Europe had gone through a period called the Enlightenment. Enlightenment thinkers, and philosophers, promoted reason and human freedom over tradition and religion. France had one of the bloodiest Enlightenment periods in history because they used the ideas of John Lockes Natural Rights, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Social Contract, and Voltaire (Franà §ois-Marie Arouet) teaching of FreedomRead MoreThe Age of Reason1424 Words   |  6 PagesThesis: To discuss the philosophers who participated and had an affect in The Age of Reason. OUTLINE I. David Hume A. Contributions to the Age of Reason B. Who and what influenced him II. Jean Jacques Rousseau A. What he believed in B. Who influenced him III. Claude Adrien Helvetius A. Influences B. Reasons for contribution IV. Immanuel Kant A. 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Without the political andRead MoreJean Jacques Rousseau Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesJean-Jacques Rousseau I was born to a family whose morals distinguished them from the people. (Josephson 9) Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva, Switzerland on June 28, 1712. He became the son of Isaac Rousseau, a plebian class watchmaker, and Suzanne Bernard, the daughter of a minister who died shortly after giving birth to him. Rousseaus baptism ceremony was a traditional one held at St. Peters Cathedral on July 4, 1712 by the reverend senebies. He had an elder brother who hadRead More Jean-Jacques Rousseau Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesJean-Jacques Rousseau   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I was born to a family whose morals distinguished them from the people.† (Josephson 9) Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva, Switzerland on June 28, 1712. He became the son of Isaac Rousseau, a plebian class watchmaker, and Suzanne Bernard, the daughter of a minister who died shortly after giving birth to him. 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Raising The Age Limit For Teen Drivers - 885 Words

Patience is a Virtue: Raising the Age Limit for Teen Drivers One of the most anticipated moments in a teenager’s life is when they finally pass the driving exam and get to stare into their own fresh, gleaming, brand new driver’s license. This is certainly a life changing moment for any teenager, but not in the way they would expect. Sadly, car accidents with teens at fault cause more injuries and deaths than any other demographic in the world. While getting a license at 15 or 16 may be a commonplace milestone of the American way, the associated risks of having young teens driving without restriction are simply not worth the privilege of being able to drive at such an early age. Teens simply aren’t developed enough to reliably handle the mental necessities of operating a vehicle, just as they aren’t developed enough to make adult decisions entirely on their own. Studies from the American Academy of Pediatrics found that, â€Å"there is evidence from MRI research that the prefrontal cortex (the area of the brain responsible for planning, impulse control, and executive decision-making) does not mature fully until the early to mid-20s†. Due to this, teens are also less likely to understand the dangers of risky behavior while driving a car. Teens are natural risk takers and participate in many other risk taking behaviors in the same years they’re getting their permits and licenses. A 2005 study by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development found that,Show MoreRelated Should the Age for Getting a License be Higher Than 16? Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesteenage automobile crashes has risen. Teens have become more and more careless with their driving over the years. It may be the teens lack of experience or that they are just too young to have the responsibility of driving a car. As the years have gone by, teens have become more distracted while driving. With their cell phones buzzing uncontrollably, the music blaring, and their friends yelling in the back seat; teens are having a hard time focusing on the other drivers around them. Teenagers have a veryRead MoreTeen Drivers Are a Threat1354 Words   |  6 Pagesmoment that Dr. Arturo Betancourt realized his daughter was dead! Alicia, who was wearing a seatbelt, had been killed instantly in a terrible crash. The young male driver had lost control of the car and hit a utility pole. (Stafford 9) Weeks after the crash, Alicias father began looking online for anything that had to do with teen driving. He was especially surprised to find out that teenagers have the highest crash and death rates on the road, especially sixteen year olds who are at the greatestRead MoreEssay about Changing the Legal Driving Age to Eighteen1348 Words   |  6 PagesChanging the Legal Driving Age to Eighteen Every day teens are given access to automobiles. Every day these young people go to their jobs, classes, and athletic practices. Do they all abuse their driving privileges? No. Then why restrict all teens, including the law-abiding and mature, by raising the driving age? This debate reaches all across the nation, to all levels of government, and many related laws and propositions can be found. If the driving age is increased, teenagers willRead MoreEssay on Increasing the Minimum Driving Age877 Words   |  4 Pagesaccidents involve young teenage drivers. Raising the minimum driving age to 16 would greatly reduce the number of automobile accidents involving teen drivers because they lack experience on the road, they lack maturity, and they would have less accidents resulting in safer roads. Just like the teenage boy that died in the wreck, most young teen drivers think they are invincible and are owners of the road which is all due to lack of maturity. The mind set of young drivers now days is â€Å"I’m too young toRead MoreRaising the Legal Driving Age1629 Words   |  7 Pagesability to drive legally at age 16; in some states even younger. There are many reasons why many individuals question the legal driving age such as how will impact society? If the legal driving age in the United States is raised to 18 will there be a decrease of accidents? In the United States most states allow teenagers to have a learner’s permit and a driver’s license at age 16. Rising the legal driving age would cut down on car accidents and associated damages, cut down on teen deaths from traffic accidentsRead MoreA Brief Note On Lowering The Drinking Age875 Words   |  4 PagesThesis: Lowering the drinking age would cause greater brain damage, an increase in alcohol ism rates, and will increase the amount of alcohol-related traffic accidents. Lowering the drinking age will damage the teenagers’s still -developing brain. Different sections of the brain develop at different times. The human brain is not fully developed until the mid-twenties. The use of alcohol before full development can cause many issues down the road. â€Å"The brain’s frontal lobes are important for planningRead MoreLegal Age to Drive Should Be Raised to 211443 Words   |  6 PagesTeen drivers are every adult’s nightmare. With the lack of experience and maturity, both parents and fellow drivers are frightened to share the road with adolescents. Through much research, juveniles as a whole have proven to be incapable of obtaining respectable driving skills. According to â€Å"Rocky Mountain Insurance Information Association,† motor vehicle crashes were the leading cause of death among 13-19 year old males and females in the United States. Culpable for this statistic is the threeRead MoreEssay on Teenage Drivers are an Accid ent Waiting to Happen578 Words   |  3 Pages Teenage drivers are an accident waiting to happen. They display only characteristics of being immature, having carelessness, and displaying irresponsibility. Teenage car accidents are the leading cause of death among all teens. This fact is surprising since you always hear about teen drug overdoses and teen suicides, but never teenage driving fatalities. A proposal to raise the use legal age of driving to 21 will save many lives, save money, and benefit the community as a whole. Many people don’tRead MoreShould The Minimum Age Be Required A Driver License?968 Words   |  4 PagesKenny Lin ENG101 11/20/2015 Me : Should the minimum age to obtain a driver license in the US be increased to 21? W : I think raising the age to 21 is going to cause problems to many families. Teens these days have a lot of places to go. I am the only one that know how to drive in my house and I feel that it is hard for me. I always have to drive my two son to school activities and other stuff. Me : People aren t responsible enough until they get older and have more experiences in their life. AfterRead MoreThe Problem Of Teen Drinking1450 Words   |  6 PagesEvery 51 minutes in America, someone is killed in a drunk driving crash. A dangerous issue facing society today is the problem of teen drinking and driving. Currently an approximate of 10,076 people die in drunk driving crashes per year. If positive progress to ceasing this act does not happen, teens will continue to drink and drive putting everybody on the road at risk. Teens who drink and drive put everyone on the road at risk, causing serious crashes that could be preventable. Background of the Problem

Japanese American Concentration Camps Free Essays

World War 2 was not officially initiated until German Nazi’s invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. America did not get Involved in the war until December 7, 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, war was not declared on Japan until the following day. December 11, 1941 Germany declared war on the united States. We will write a custom essay sample on Japanese American Concentration Camps or any similar topic only for you Order Now The war was now In full force, with America raging war against the Japanese and the German Nazi’s. Back home In America, they to were taking action to protect their homeland. In February of 1942, President Roosevelt signed an executive order to relocate all Japanese Americans. This occurred because of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Many feared that the Japanese were attempting to â€Å"Remain loyal to their homeland† and were acting as spies. Even without concrete evidence, President Roosevelt signed for them to be relocated. These camps were still located on American soil and were not death camps. The camps were concentration camps, a place where they go to basically do hard labor all day. Many Japanese American families sold their homes and assets, here was no guarantee that their lives would continue as normal upon their return. Their homes sold for fractions of the price they were actually worth, even Japanese vets of WWW were forced to leave their homes and assets behind. It did not matter If the families were born and raised In America and had never been to Japan, the fear of an invasion was to great to allow a possible security issue be lose. Until the camps were finished the Japanese Americans were held in stables at local racing tracks. Ten camps were completed and the camps were built in remote areas of seven western tastes : Arkansas, California, Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, and Utah. The housing was poor, Tarpaper Barracks were the housing for the Japanese. There were communal mess halls for family to dine with one another, the children had to attend school and the adu lts had the option to work for 5$ a day. The Japanese definitely were not living high class, but the camps they were located to where heaven to the Jewish In Germany. The plan for the camps was for them to be self sufficient, by farming for food. The solo was not Ideal for this plan however. The homes were not heated or lolled during seasonal changes and the food was made army grub style. The Japanese Americans were not allowed to leave because security would not hesitate to shoot one who tried to escape. There was armed security that stood round clock watch over the Japanese Americans. 27,000 Japanese Americans were wrongfully relocated into concentration camps, when challenged by Fred Sauerkraut, the Supreme Court showed little to no sympathy and said it was war time necessary for the camps. The government and the people without a Japanese bloodline agreed that it was simply for the time of war. The camps never got to be the point of the horrific f the Nazi’s camps and that was greatly appreciated, but the act in i tself was considered wrong and In history is labeled as a bad move In American history. January 8 1945, the first families were released from the camps. Most families had nowhere to go and nowhere to work. A lot of Americans would not hire Japanese Americans due to their own racism that grew because of the war. In 1988 the court tried to apologize for the wrong act of putting the Japanese Americans into compared to what the families had to go through during and after the camps. In hope America will stoop low enough to concentration camps again. How to cite Japanese American Concentration Camps, Papers

Monroe-Just A Slut Essays - Marilyn Monroe, Monroe, Sharon Olds

Monroe-Just A Slut? Hollywood created the image of Marilyn Monroe as a stereotypical sex bomb and dumb blonde, which captivated the eyes and hearts of many men. Sharon Olds breaks down Monroe's label and identifies Marilyn Monroe with qualities that everyday people actually have. These qualities are shown through Olds's use of certain words throughout the poem, which are trying to identify Marilyn Monroe as a normal person. This description of Monroe is in a way that no one could ever imagine. It goes against the Hollywood glamour stereotype with the way Olds describes the situation, ?The ambulance men touched her cold body, lifted it, heavy as iron, onto the stretcher and carried her, as if it were she, down the steps? (Olds 418). The choice of words is very significant to the rest of the poem because it penetrates past the stereotype of beauty and charm normally associated with Marilyn Monroe, which leaves you vulnerable to a new look Sharon Olds wants to introduce. The description of Monroe's body be ing cold is very different to what a beautiful poster girl should be. Moreover, Olds's second description of Monroe's body being as heavy as iron continues the author's approach of trying to connect Monroe as being ?human? not just the Hollywood robot of beauty that has no feeling or emotion. The idea of Marilyn Monroe dead in a body bag, arms tied to her sides and mouth and eyes forced shut does not seem real because that sounds ugly and horrible, which cannot occur, because Monroe is a symbol of beauty. However Olds makes this point of Marilyn's death sound like an everyday death, through the description of the ambulance men use of the body bag. At -4073- 2 this point Olds connects the first part of her poem with the second part, by making her strongest point. The author does this by relating with the men who could not believe Monroe was dead by saying, ?the men carried her, as if it were she, down the steps? (Olds 418). This statement shows that she can connect with the men, by s aying that the woman on the stretcher cannot be Marilyn Monroe because that woman is not beautiful, rather is very cold and heavy. But if the real Marilyn Monroe were to die, she would be glamorous and beautiful like she normally was. The everyday qualities that people have were surely not seen by the men that looked at Marilyn Monroe because whenever they saw her, they fantasized or had dreams about her. Now she was dead. These men were never the same. They went out afterwards, as they always did, for a drink or two, but they could not meet each other's eyes (Olds 418). This reveals the men all thought of her as a ?goddess? because of their individual responses to the situation. Their responses were all individually different but based on an infatuation, that they could not meet each other's eyes because they were ignoring their masculine depth of feelings (Bly 338). One man had nightmares, strange pains, impotence, depression, which shows that even though he did not know Monroe, s he had an effect on his life (Olds 418). The second man looked at death differently?as a place where she would be waiting, which means instead of living his life to go to heaven, he was going to live so he could see Marilyn when he dies. These two men relate to Marilyn Monroe as being more than human. These two descriptions bring out the sexy Hollywood creation of Marilyn Monroe. However with the last man's account Olds's leaves us with a lasting impression of the way she wants us to remember Marilyn Monroe. Sharon Olds uses a technique that slows the reader down as the poem ends, which makes the reader identify -4073- 3 with Monroe taking her last breaths. So the author slows you down and reveals what she wanted to, that Marilyn Monroe was just an ordinary woman breathing (Olds 419). Poetry Essays

The 7 Types of Possessive Case

The 7 Types of Possessive Case The 7 Types of Possessive Case The 7 Types of Possessive Case By Mark Nichol The possessive case is used to indicate relationships between one person, place, or thing and another. However, it’s more accurate to call it by its alternate name, the genitive case (genitive means, essentially, â€Å"generation†), because in many uses, one person, place, or thing doesn’t actually belong to the other. The genitive is indicated one of two ways: A singular noun is followed by an apostrophe and the letter s (as with book’s), and an apostrophe alone follows a plural noun that ends in s or es (as with teams’ or arches’). The genitive form of an irregular plural noun, one in which a change in spelling, rather than s or es, marks the word as having a plural form (such as men), is treated as if the word were a singular noun (men’s). Here are examples of the seven categories of genitive use. 1. One type of genitive case is that denoting occupation, or ownership or possession, as in â€Å"She walked into Jane’s office† or â€Å"John’s car is being repaired.† (In all genitive forms, the noun to which the apostrophe or the apostrophe and the s are attached is called the dependent, or modifier, noun; the word with which it is associated is the head, or modified, noun.) 2. Another is relationship, as in â€Å"The school’s principal is retiring this year.† (This idea can also be represented by omitting the apostrophe and the s â€Å"The school principal is retiring this year† but the meaning is slightly different; in the latter sentence, the reference is to a person identified as the school principal, whereas the genitive form treats the school and the principal as separate entities.) In this category, the idea can be expressed in a phrase beginning with the head noun: â€Å"The principal of the school is retiring this year.† The previous type is not so flexible; â€Å"She walked into the office of Jane† is awkward, and constructions such as â€Å"She walked into the office belonging to [or occupied by] Jane† are usually unnecessarily verbose. 3. The genitive can also be used to express agency, or representation, as in â€Å"The board’s secretary consulted the minutes from the last meeting.† (The secretary is a member of the board but technically doesn’t belong to it.) â€Å"The secretary of the board consulted the minutes from the last meeting† is also correct, but as in the previous example, the emphasis is slightly different, and the first version is more concise. 4. Description is another function of the genitive, as in â€Å"She admired the fabric’s glossy sheen.† (Loosely speaking, the glossy sheen â€Å"belongs† to the fabric, but the phrase is, strictly, speaking, a description.) 5. Another category is that relating to the role of the person, place, or thing that serves as the subject of a sentence, as in â€Å"The officer’s report was conclusive.† (â€Å"The report of the officer was conclusive† has the same slight distinction of meaning as similar constructions in previous examples.) 6. Then there is the role of the person, place, or thing identified as the object of a sentence, as in â€Å"The baby’s delivery was uneventful† (which can be rendered â€Å"The delivery of the baby was uneventful† with a slight difference in the meaning). 7. The most troublesome genitive form is that in which a phrase including of is truncated, as in â€Å"He gave two weeks’ notice† in place of â€Å"He gave notice of two weeks†: Many writers mistakenly treat â€Å"two weeks† as simply a modifier of notice (â€Å"He gave two weeks notice†) rather than correctly including the apostrophe to indicate the genitive case. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire YouTaser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?The 7 Types of Possessive Case

5 Building Blocks of Your Characters Personality

5 Building Blocks of Your Characters Personality 5 Building Blocks of Your Character’s Personality 5 Building Blocks of Your Character’s Personality By Mark Nichol Now that you’ve decided what your character’s motivation is, it’s time to actually construct the vessel in which this purpose will reside. Just how do you build a person? By creating a life where none existed. Start at the base, and work your way up: 1. Childhood How was the character’s early life? What was the person’s family like? It doesn’t take much effort to stray too far into pop psychology, but household composition and environment have a significant bearing on personality. So does one’s experiences in school and in social settings as a child and an adolescent. Is domestic trauma in the character’s past? Social stigma at school? An unusual amount of teenage angst? Were they abused, neglected, spoiled, enriched? Were they denied a childhood, or unable to outgrow it? You don’t need to write your character’s biography, but you should know the outline. 2. Relationships Is the character a loner, or a social butterfly? What type of family and friends does the character have? How do they interact with acquaintances and strangers? Do they have a romantic relationship or casual sexual partners? If they’re gay, are they out, or closeted? Are they extremely close to a few friends, or do they have a wide but shallow social circle? 3. Livelihood What does the character do for a living? That may be integral to the story, or it may be incidental. Readers deserve to know, though. But don’t lock in a stereotype. It’s easy to associate personality traits with certain professions or pastimes. What’s not so easy but is oh, so satisfying is to cast against type: How about a happy-go-lucky private eye? A softhearted crook? A wizard who can’t spell straight? Do they like their job? Are they fulfilled, or frustrated? Good at what they do, or inept? How do they relate to those above and below them in the workplace hierarchy? Do they lie, cheat, or steal, or are they a paragon of productivity? Either way, are they rewarded, or punished, or ignored? 4. Pastimes What does your character do after work, on weekends? Where do they vacation? What are their hobbies, interests, passions? Do they have an eccentric or unexpected avocation? Do they have a remarkable skill or talent no one knows about? Are they philanthropic or charitable, or is all their spare time given to family and friends, or are they devoted only to themselves? 5. Outlook Is the sun always shining, or does a perpetual rain cloud perch just over the character’s shoulder? Are they blithe, cheerful, confident? Suspicious, resentful, fearful? Whether your character’s glass is half full or half empty will determine the story’s tone, so check the person’s beverage before you put fingers to keyboard or pen to paper. What are your character’s political views and social opinions? Are they religious? Skeptical? Atheistic? Scientifically minded, or superstitious? Are they charismatic, or a wallflower? So many questions! But so many answers must be provided and many more must be discovered on the journey that is the act of writing. (And some answers may change.) This character design is essential to your success not just for your main character but also, to varying degrees, for major and minor supporting players and for walk-ons. Whether you’re aiming for high literature or genre fiction, the extent to which you care about your characters and their personalities will in large part determine how readers respond to them. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial Expressions50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)Preposition Mistakes #3: Two Idioms

Explain the different paths to God found in Bonaventures The Souls (or Research Paper

Explain the different paths to God found in Bonaventures The Souls (or Minds) Journey to God - Research Paper Example Especially the preface of The Journey of the Mind into God describes the vision of Seraph very constantly and convincingly. In this work has also explains different paths to God and teach people that they could become close to the God by carrying out their life journeys in specific directions and paths (Quinn, p186). Saint Bonaventura explains in his work Mind’s journey to the God that finding out God is very simple as well as very complicated for the people because God is present around the people but they could reach him only if they will adopt the right paths. He believes that one can easily find God by seeking him in different objects of the world because he is everywhere and it depends upon the sincerity and dedication of the seeker that he become able to find out God or not. Bonaventura believes that God is part of his own creations that why he is present in the tree standing silently as well as on the path where the people use to walk every day. Since human beings are also the creation of God so he is also present inside us and the internal truth of the personalities reveal the existence of God inside the people (Gendreau, p104). The first chapter of Mind’s journey to the God explains the stages through which the people can find their ways up to God. Bonaventura teaches that when a person is blessed by God he has been provided with the divine assistance and the path towards God becomes clear and easy for him. This happens to the people that are true by heart and possess no wrong intentions for God and his creations (Emery, p218). Without the assistance of God it is not possible for anyone to find God or seek the ways towards him. When a person is true and clean by his heart God makes him complete and shower him with all his blessings and miracles. This is possible only when someone is pure not only physically but his heart is also pure and clean and he truly wants to reach God and wants to follow the path sincerely that could take him

Article Summary and Reaction Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article Summary and Reaction Paper - Essay Example Marvels claim was that its obligations to pay royalty for the patent ceases when the patent expires. Marvel relied on an earlier Supreme Court decision in Brullote v Thys Co., which found that agreements are not enforceable when patents expire. Mr. Kimble asked the court to overrule its previous decision (Kendall, 2015). The principles of stare decisis provide that courts should adhere to previous precedents of earlier cases. Stare decisis is an important aspect of a common law system and follows that once a court answers a question, subsequent questions to the court should be answered in a similar manner (Anderlini, Felli, & Riboni, 2014). The courts should seek to follow precedents to maintain the stability of the law. The courts should rarely overrule its precedents unless there are strong reasons because doing so sets a new interpretation of a legal issue (Waldron, 2012). In the current case, the court considered overruling the precedent established in Brullote v Thys Co. The article showed that the doctrine of stare decisis is binding on subsequent decisions by the court and that a court may only overrule its precedent if there are good reasons to do

Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales Proves How Historical Changes To The English

Chaucer’s fourteenth century story The Canterbury Tales can be considered almost impossible to read by many modern day readers. They tend to struggle thru understanding many of the words, as well as their meanings within this story. As I read The Canterbury Tales I noticed how the rhythm and rhyme differ from modern day English, the vowel are pronounced differently, and many of the words used within this story are no longer used in modern English. Additionally there are three main changes to that can be seen over time within the English language, vocabulary, pronunciation, and sentence structure. The many historical language changes that have happened since the fourteenth century can be found within The Canterbury Tales, and explain why so many people struggle to fully understand the original version of this story. It is very clear when you sit down and begin to read Chaucer’s work that he constructed his sentences extremely differently from how we construct our today. For example the first four lines of Canterbury Tales reads. â€Å"When that April with his showers soote its showers sweet The drought of March hath pierced to the root And bathed every vein in such liquor rootlet / liquid Of which virtà ºe engendered is the flower; When Zephyrus eke with his sweet. breath West Wind also Inspired hath in every holt and heath grove & field The tender croppes, and the young. sun young shoots / Spring sun Hath in the Ram his half. course y-run,3 in Aries / has run And small. fowles maken melody little birds That sleepen all the night with open eye Who sleep (So pricketh them Natà ºre in their courà ¡ges), spurs / spirits Then longen folk to go on pilgrimà ¡ges, people long And palmers for to seeken strange Strands† ( Chaucer lines 1-13) Which... ...s within Shakespeare work. Chaucer’s The Canterbury tales is truly a perfect example of how much the English language has changes. I instantly noticed the differences in rhythm, rhyme, sentence structure, vocabulary, and pronunciation, which directly reflects the historical changes over the last five or six hundred years. These changes are what now cause many people to struggle to quickly understand Middle English text. It is also why many people feel that Chancers work is impossible to read let alone understand. â€Æ' Works Cited Chaucer, Geoffrey. GENERAL PROLOGUE. The Canterbury Tales. "History of the English Language." EnglishClub. . Mahoney, Nicole. "Language Change." Language and Linguistics: Language Change. National Science Foundation, .

Effect Of Leadership Traits On Employee Performance Commerce Essay

Within every company a leader is needed. Sometimes even more than one, when a company has grown and therefore exists out of multiple divisions. These leaders are of import because they give the company a way to caput to, and teach the employees to make this in the best possible manner. Particularly when a company has merely been started, it is really of import to do certain that everyone does his very best and knows precisely what to make in order to diminish the opportunity of failure of the new venture. Past research has shown that entrepreneurship forms a important portion of every economic system in many ways ( Van Praag & A ; Versloot, 2007 ) . For illustration, the generating of employment ( Sutton, 1997 ) , economic growing through entrepreneurship ( Carry & A ; Thurik, 2003 ) , the importance of little and average sized houses associating to invention ( Biggs, 2002 ) and economic value creative activity ( Parker, 2004 ) . Therefore, it is really of import to cognize every bit much about this whole procedure as possible. This can merely lend to increasing the per centum of successfully started ventures. Due to the fiscal crisis in 2009, the per centum of failures in new ventures has been really high ( Graydon, 2010 ) . As this has great effects for the economic system, it is of import that this per centum goes down in the coming old ages. A batch of research has already been done on this topic, but clear grounds on leading in combination with enterprisers that start up a new co mpany is still losing. In order to acquire to cognize more about the leading of enterprisers, this research is aimed at the enterprisers in Amsterdam who have merely started their ain company. The research is done to acquire an reply to the inquiry of what leading traits lead to the biggest opportunity of conveying the new venture to a success. In Amsterdam, there are a batch of new start-ups every twelvemonth and together with the easy handiness to these enterprisers and their companies ; this environing signifiers an outstanding possibility to make research in. Hopefully this survey leads to a more clear vision on the success traits of enterprisers who have to move every bit leaders as good in conveying their start-ups to a success. The following subdivision, which is the theoretical model, will discourse the bing literature on leading traits, the features that distinguish an enterpriser from a non-entrepreneur and recent literature on leading combined with entrepreneurship. Section three is the methodological analysis subdivision and discusses everything that is of import in making this research. For illustration, the research method that is traveling to be used, and the features of the research.Theoretical model2.1 LeadershipIn the yesteryear, there have been 100s of articles written on leading. In the 1950 ‘s, Bales based his research on the differentiation between two different leading attacks, viz. : task-oriented manner and the interpersonally oriented manner. The task-oriented manner is frequently associated with the ‘initiation of construction ‘ as construction was what it was all about. The interpersonally oriented manner is related with consideration, and was based on common relations hips with followings and so on ( Eagly & A ; Johannesen-Schmidt, 2001 ) . Later on, research was frequently aimed at the differentiation between democratic and bossy leading ( Vroom & A ; Yetton, 1973 ) and therefore differentiated leaders who allowed followings to take part in determination devising and those who did non ( Eagly & A ; Johannesen-Schmidt, 2001 ) . Burns ( 1978 ) argued that some of import leading traits were losing. Three new types of leading were recognized. The transformational leader was person who stood for individualized consideration, rational stimulation, inspirational motive and idealized influence ( Saunders et al. , 2007 ) . The 2nd type was the transactional leader, person who brought the contingent wages system, to merely honor followings if they had performed good plenty, and merely changed something when it did non work, which was called direction by exclusion ( Saunders et al. , 2007 ) . The last type was the Individualistic leader. This leader was pe rson who likely did non hold adequate accomplishments or motive and therefore avoided doing determinations and being responsible. Apart from spliting leaders into the manners they follow, the can be differentiated on leading traits. There are besides many surveies aimed at the features of people that make them a leader. Although none of these results were precisely the same, the most articles did come to the similar features that differentiate a leader from person who is non. Stogdill ( 1974 ) and House & A ; Baetz ( 1979 ) showed that leaders tend to be higher in ( 1 ) intelligence, ( 2 ) laterality, ( 3 ) assurance, ( 4 ) energy and ( 5 ) cognition of the undertaking than non-leaders. Throughout these surveies, the most of import inquiry was what the most of import features of a born leader are. But research besides showed that it is non about holding these features, but how to utilize them in a manner that makes you effectual as a leader. Therefore, Kouzes and Posner ( 2007 ) did research on the leading behavior and found that this behavior can be identified through five factors, viz. ( 1 ) animating a visio n that is shared, ( 2 ) patterning the manner, ( 3 ) promoting the bosom of the followings, ( 4 ) disputing the procedure and ( 5 ) enabling others to move. Different types of undertakings frequently ask for different leader features and behaviors. Therefore it is of import that a leader knows how to accommodate to certain fortunes. This makes him other than his followings and therefore person with whom they can interact. Fiedler ( 1967 ) argues through his eventuality theory that the ultimate leading behavior is dependent upon the state of affairs. Thereby, Fiedler has besides stated that experience is more of import than intelligence in some hard state of affairss. This means that leaders besides grow as they gain working experience, and utilize this experience in state of affairss that require more than unconditioned traits. This is really of import because of the fact that the leader influences all kinds of employee variables like organisational committedness, occupation satisfaction, public presentation and so on. ( Kouzes & A ; Posner, 2007 ) . Research done on leading has a batch of things in common with research in other Fieldss. One illustration is the research on traits of a specific type of individual. This research is besides done in the field of employees as followings of leaders, but besides for illustration the features of employees in combination with occupation satisfaction and organisational committedness. Another illustration is research on features of people with regard to working-groups or calling direction. One of the most similar types of research compared to surveies on leading is the research on enterprisers. What are the traits of a existent enterpriser? Why is one enterpriser more successful so another? In a batch of ways this research is comparable.2.2 EntrepreneurshipThe research on entrepreneurship and leading is really similar in many ways ( Ensley et al. , 2006 ) . The facet that is most similar is the hunt for traits that makes person good and efficient in his function. This type of research is ca lled the â€Å" traits attack † . Throughout the old ages, a batch of research was done on two facets within this traits attack. The first facet is the consequence of the state of affairs on enterprisers ( e.g. Kirzner, 1997 ) or leaders ( e.g. Wofford and Liska, 1993 ) and the 2nd facet is the behavior of enterprisers ( e.g. Shaver and Scott, 1991 ) or leaders ( e.g. Bass, 1990 ) . Merely like with a leader, an enterpriser besides influences the public presentation of his organisation. He can be the 1 who makes the difference between success and failure of the new venture. Some research workers say that this is due to his features that divide him from others, such as risk-taking leaning ( Stewart & A ; Roth, 2001 ) , high self-efficacy ( Chen, Greene & A ; Crick, 1998 ) or to detect chances that others do non ( Alvarez & A ; Busenitz, 2001 ) . But other research workers say that it is due to the behavior of the enterpriser that concerns increase the opportunities to win, so how he uses these features ( Bass, 1990 ) . Either manner, a batch of similarities are found between leaders and enterprisers, which makes it interesting to analyze the combination of the two.2.3 Uniting leading with entrepreneurshipAs leaders and enterprisers have a batch in common, it is non a surprise to cognize that the two can be combined. In fact, research has showed that being a leade r while get downing a new venture, and therefore being an enterpriser, is of import in order to acquire the most out of the company. As stated above, leaders are able to act upon facets such as the motive, productiveness, and committedness of employees and therefore act upon the overall public presentation ( Kouzes & A ; Posner, 2007 ) . As enterprisers are depending to a great extent on the employees in the beginning stage of the new venture, it is of import to convey up the best out of these employees ( aˆÂ ¦ . ) . Different types of leaders have different kinds of influence on their followings. This is an of import thing to maintain in head while making research. Each type of leading has its ain advantages and disadvantages and therefore respond different to a specific state of affairs. For illustration, transformational and magnetic leading are frequently related to a better public presentation of workgroups and organisations ( Saunders et al. , 2007 ) . Another illustration is that a transformational leader wants to be seen as ‘the great leader ‘ and does non pay any attending to the state of affairs or his followings, while a democratic leader is person who joins the group and works every bit difficult as the remainder ( Saunders et al. , 2007 ) . In order to allow the employees work every bit efficient as possible it is of import to cognize what type of leader tantrums best in the start-up. Up till now there has been little old research on the combination of leading traits and entrepreneurship. Therefore there are few researches to trust on for now. What is utile is research that has been done on leading in different state of affairss. One of the most of import in this field is that of Fiedler, who did research on different factors act uponing leading public presentation. For illustration, his cognitive research theory, which was aimed at stressful-situations, leading intelligence and leading experience. Although non everyone was to the full convinced by these theories ( Vecchio, 1992 ) , there have non been any cardinal challenges of the theory.Methodology3.1 Research sceneThe scene of this research is based on Amsterdam and its milieus. This is because of the fact that these companies are easy accessible for the research worker. Thereby comes that a batch of the enterprisers in Amsterdam are united in several associations. For illustration, the ‘Ondernemersgroep Amsterdam ‘ , ‘het Ondernemershuis ‘ and MKB Groot Amsterdam. Furthermore, the ‘Kamer new wave Koophandel ‘ , which is Dutch for Chamber of Commerce, is located near the Centre of the metropolis. These associations will likely be able to give all the information that is needed for this research.3.2 Research featuresThis research will be done through utilizing a cross-sectional attack. This can be described as a ‘snapshot ‘ clip skyline. Due to clip restraints and informations handiness it is likely the best option to utilize. Of class, being able to analyze alterations and developments of certain companies over clip, and therefore utilizing a longitudinal attack, would likely take to even more specified consequences ( Saunders et al. , 2007 ) , but this option would take excessively much clip. So, informations from companies that are in their first or 2nd twelvemonth of concern will be used, this information is still recent and should non t ake to much problem when roll uping. Thereby comes that the enterprisers should still be clearly cognizant of how they fulfilled their leading functions, with regard to the traits of their leading type. Clear should be that the degree of analysis is on the firm-level and that the research is practice-driven. This research could be valuable to the theoretical scientific discipline as it is seeking to acquire a better apprehension of certain phenomena, but besides in pattern where enterpriser and leader can larn from. By cognizing more about the traits of each function, and particularly for enterprisers how to unite the traits of these two functions could be really valuable ( Ensley et al. , 2006 ) . The social relevancy therefore plays a bigger function than the scientific relevancy. The companies that are traveling to be used in this survey are likely all established within Amsterdam and its milieus. Besides, they have to be registered at one or more of the above mentioned associations so that the entree to the enterprisers and necessary informations will be available. Variables used in this survey will be traits of enterprisers as they are besides perceived as leaders within their company, and the company ‘s public presentation. For many companies the term of one or two old ages after start-up will likely be excessively short to be able to talk of a success or failure of the company. Therefore, the company ‘s public presentation as in being good on path compared to what was planned earlier, the opportunity of lasting the following old ages, and employee public presentation will be used to mensurate the company ‘s state of affairs.3.3 RestrictionsThe end of this research is to acquire an indicant of the effects of leading traits on the public p resentation of little entrepreneurial ventures that have merely started. In this first bowl, it is of import to allow the employees be every bit efficient as possible, as most of the resources such as money and clip are limited and rivals are frequently watching the company closely to do usage of any errors made. A quantitative attack will be used through looking at company ‘s public presentation in relation to leading traits of the enterprisers. Hopefully, afterwards the cognition on this particular topic will be deepened and be utile for scientific discipline every bit good as in pattern. For illustration, a relation between the traits of a leader that inspires his employees to work towards a certain end every bit efficient as possible is extremely related to a good executing start-up. In Figure 1, a schematical position on the research is given. The normal line between ‘leadership traits ‘ and ‘start-up public presentation ‘ is the chief relation that will be investigated in this research. The flecked lines, between ‘leadership traits ‘ and employee public presentation, and between 'employee public presentation ‘ and start-up public presentation ‘ will likely besides be investigated, although this is still a spot unsure because of the fact that garnering the information will be comparatively hard and there may besides be excessively many other facets that could act upon this relationship. Therefore, a spot more research has to be done foremost on the 'employee public presentation ‘ as a moderating/mediating variable.Figure 1. A schematical position on the variables and their relation to each other.An advantage of this survey can be that the combination of leading and entrepreneurship on the degree of little sta rt-ups is still comparatively bleary and therefore has the possibility to open up a new portion of this field. Thereby comes that this research is chiefly aimed to better the cognition of enterprisers on leading traits that are helpful in the beginning stage of a company, which means that the state of affairs can be seen from the houses point of position, alternatively of a theoretical point of position which sometimes differs excessively much from world ( Saunders at al. , 2007 ) . This survey will hold a batch of restrictions. One of them is the sample size. Through bounds on clip and resources it will be impossible to acquire a really big sample size. Amsterdam will be taken as the chief country of the start-ups of which informations will be gathered. Thereby comes, that there is a bound on the sum of start-ups, as the figure of new ventures depend on all kinds of variables and conditions. Besides, non all informations may be available for every company due to privacy grounds or unwillingness to collaborate of enterprisers. Another restriction can be the usage of Amsterdam as the chief part of entrepreneurial activity. Several factors within Amsterdam and its surrounding can be of influence on the consequences and therefore consequences do non hold to be generalizable in other parts of the universe. Amsterdam being a big metropolis, the capital of the Netherlands, and for illustration a big tourer attractive force. Furthermore, This research is aimed at start -ups and therefore is non generalizable for every company, as several resources such as clip, money and employees are frequently really limited.Small Planning tabular arrayEventGet downing day of the monthCompleting day of the monthDiscoursing the subject, with Ms. van Eerde and supervisor 6thJanuary Bettering the literature reappraisal and methodological analysis 7thJanuary Middle of February Get downing with study ‘s etc, because this will ever take longer than expected. Middle of February Middle of March Gathering informations through studies Middle of March Get downing of April Processing the informations, consequences subdivision Get downing of April End of April Writing the Conclusion and Discussion subdivision End of April End of May I know that this planning is really optimistic, but I have to get down with everything every bit shortly as possible, as I know from past experience that everything takes much longer than panned. Therefore, I set my coating day of the month early, as this will certainly be postponed.

Advertisement Analysis The Sprite - 1420 Words

Drake Sprite advert Benefits offered- This advertisement has many benefits, the main character in this advert is music artist Drake and also contains the product which is a Sprite bottle. The benefits offered are that you will feel refreshed if you are feeling not ready and you can count on a Sprite to refresh you. As it states to the audience that this Sprite drink product will provide you with energy that you need with a spark as it is showing the audience how the Sprite is helping you provide the energy of how the drink is helping you overcome what you are finding difficult at 0:28-:033. Advantages over other similar products- The advantages of this product to another one is that this advert contains a popular musical artist who is Drake. He is a role model for many young people so if they see their role model drinking this, they would want to drink it as well , also,they would want to be like Drake himself and Sprite is very well known and has been around for many years. 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